Pakistan: General Laws
The article is about Pakistan General Law, a truth of the United States which lays down the general rules by which the country is to be governed. This interior law system presents many pitfalls and opportunities for Pakistan to create beneficial law in accordance to their tribal norms.
What is a General Law?
A general law is a statute that is not limited to a specific topic or subject matter. General laws are typically broader in scope than specific laws and can govern a variety of different areas. General laws can be used to create precedents and set standards that apply to other areas in which the law may be used.
How does the law affect different classes of people?
The law affects all citizens, but it also affects different groups of society differently. When a law is drafted with the intent to impact all people equally, that law will consist of mostly general statements of rights and responsibilities. However, in reality every situation presents unique circumstances that vary between people living in various states and countries.
Therefore, there are some laws that are geared towards specific issues which may influence one person’s lifestyle more than another person’s lifestyle. As soon as a general law impacts one individual, another person may then file an appeal against the issue and have their own personal right violated within this same general statement.
As such we find that we cannot judge a whole nation upon their laws and we cannot allow laws to be technically neutral, for this breaks the oath that most people take upon accepting power, which is to uphold justice.
The Constitution and the Laws
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic and has a written constitution. The Constitution of Pakistan was adopted on August 14, 1956, with the first provincial elections held on October 10, 1956. The Constitution consists of 128 articles and establishes fundamental rights and duties of citizens.
The Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature-the National Assembly (upper chamber) has 342 members, and the Senate (lower chamber) has 106 members. The executive branch of government is headed by the president, who is appointed by the House of Representatives and serves as both head of state and head of government. The judiciary is independent but subject to review by the Supreme Court.
Pakistan's legal system is based on Islamic law and English common law. Sharia (Islamic law) governs important religious matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, criminal procedure, and economics. Property law is based on the laws of England and Wales, while contract law is based on Islamic principles.
In addition to customary laws that vary from region to region, Pakistan also has a series of statutory laws that have been enacted since 1971 in an effort to improve governance.
The Roman-Dutch law system remains in force in all provinces except Baluchistan which uses British Common Law largely unchanged since 1854. The system of common law inherited from English legal history underpins the structure of civil, criminal and revenue courts.
There are substantial differences between the ways in which Sharia and Roman-Dutch law operate; for example, adultery under Sharia remains a legitimate basis for divorce in Pakistan despite its illegality in the Netherlands.
Specific laws like the Penal Code and civil pressure
Pakistan has a diverse legal system that features a number of specific laws like the Penal Code and civil pressure. The Penal Code, for example, is a comprehensive law that covers a wide range of criminal offences.
The civil pressure law provides mechanisms for citizens to pursue legal remedies against wrongs committed against them. Additionally, the country has a number of other specific laws that deal with issues like land ownership and inheritance, labour rights, and cybercrime.
Areas like these present legal loopholes that far too many Pakistanis lose grievances in, but the professional advocates and legal centers are working to change that.
Major and Minor land acts
Pakistan has a variety of land Acts that pertain to different types of land tenure. The following are the major land acts in Pakistan: The Land Acquisition Act, 1884; the Government of Pakistan Land (Certification of Title) Ordinance, 1922; the Punjab Land Revenue Code, 1949; and the Federal Land (Purchase and Sale) Ordinance, 1956.
The current major land act is the Land Acquisition Act, 1958. This act regulates land acquisition by the government for public purposes. The act establishes procedures for land acquisition, defines categories of land that may be acquired, provides for compensation to owners, and sets forth provisions for dispute resolution. The act applies to both rural and urban areas.
The Government of Pakistan Land (Certification of Title) Ordinance, 1922, is a minor land act that regulates the certification of title to land. The ordinance defines the rights and duties of persons who certify title to land, establishes procedures for challenging certificates of title, and provides for penalties for violations of its provisions.
The Punjab Land Revenue Code, 1949, is a minor land act that regulates taxation in Punjab province. The code establishes tax rates and other revenue-raising provisions governing various types of property ownership in Punjab province.
The Ordinance Land Policies, 1960, is a minor land act that implements the Land Policy of 1956 and aims to control the use of land through taxation, credit revaluation, major settlements, minor settlements and the registration of contracts.
Civil Obligations Act
The Civil Obligations Act, 2011 is a comprehensive civil law that governs the rights and obligations of both individuals and organizations in Pakistan. It replaces several earlier statutes, including the Personal Law Ordinance 1958 and the Sharia Law Ordinance 1987. The act comprehensively covers a wide range of matters, from formation of companies to inheritance and family law.
While the act is comprehensive, it does not exhaust all the possible avenues for dispute resolution. Disputes can be resolved through court proceedings, mediation, or arbitration. Courts may also award damages if a party breaches its contract or treaty.
The Civil Obligations Act is unique in that it applies not just to individuals but also to organizations such as corporations, societies, and unions.
If you are involved in a dispute in Pakistan, it is important to know your rights under the Civil Obligations Act. While arbitration or mediation may be acceptable, court proceedings must comply with the rules of evidence.
If a hearing must take place before the Civil Court, you should follow the steps outlined here for submitting documents.
-1.jpg)
-1.jpg)
0 Comments